What standard of proof do judges apply to determine negligence?

• A. Beyond reasonable doubt
• B. Balance of Probabilities
• C. Preponderance of evidence
• D. Clear and convincing evidence

Answer: (B)

Negligence in civil cases is judged using the balance of probabilities: the claimant must show it is more likely than not that the defendant was negligent. This means the evidence should tilt the scales in favor of the claimant, even if only slightly. It contrasts with criminal cases, where guilt must be proven beyond reasonable doubt. Clear and convincing evidence is a higher civil threshold used in specific situations, not the general standard for negligence. The phrase preponderance of the evidence is often treated as synonymous with balance of probabilities, both indicating the greater weight of evidence rather than absolute certainty.